Social Impact Of Genetic Abnormalities In Prenatal Testing Among Maternal Women &Their Partners - An Indian Perspective

Abstract

Background: In the realm of prenatal care, amniocentesis has emerged as a crucial technique  for the accurate detection of genetic abnormalities. This research study delves into the social  impact of genetic abnormalities in prenatal testing within the Indian context, specifically  focusing on the perspectives of expectant parents. This study contributes valuable insights to  the ongoing discourse, contemplating the preference for invasive prenatal screening procedure  to ensure comprehensive and ethically sound approach to prenatal care in the unique socio

cultural landscape of India.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design conducted over a span of 12 months at a  prominent tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 190 pregnant women who underwent  invasive prenatal testing via amniocentesis alongside with 95 partners participated in the  research were selected through convenience sampling. To ensure a representative sample,  participants were recruited from diverse demographic backgrounds.

Data collection was executed via a structured questionnaire, covering key aspects such as  demographics, awareness of genetic testing, decision-making factors, and societal impact  concerns associated with prenatal genetic testing. Pregnant women and their partners were  categorized into distinct groups based on factors such as age, socio-economic status, and  educational background, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of diverse perspectives.

Results: In this study, conducted among pregnant women and their partners in India, we  observed a substantial level of awareness and knowledge regarding prenatal genetic testing. Of  the participants, 80% of pregnant women and 75% of partners were aware of genetic testing  options. Amniotic Fluid (AF) test emerged as the most recognized method, with 70% of  pregnant women and 65% of partners familiar with the procedure. Notably, a significant

portion believed these tests to be highly accurate, with 45% of pregnant women and 50% of  partners were certain with the precision. Moreover, our findings revealed that a majority of  both pregnant women (85%) and partners (80%) expressed their intention to undergo genetic  testing during pregnancy. Healthcare provider advice played a crucial role in influencing this  decision, as 60% of pregnant women and 55% of partners considered it a pivotal factor.  Personal beliefs and access to comprehensive test information also played significant roles in  the decision-making process. 

Conclusions: This study highlights the need to consider both personal and societal viewpoints  in the implementation of invasive prenatal screening with special emphasis to utilization of amniocentesis procedure in India. The substantial awareness and positive perception of test and  its accuracy holds as promising indicators for the effective implementation of genetic testing  programs in the region.