Histopathological analysis of various testicular lesions - a tertiary care hospital experience

Abstract

Title: Histopathological analysis of various testicular lesions - a tertiary care hospital experience.

Abstract

Background: Testicular lesions have a wide spectrum of histomorphology and are categorized as non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Though the testicular tumours comprise less than 1% of all cancers in males, they constitute the fourth most common cause of death from neoplasia in younger males.

Aims and objectives: To analyse the orchidectomy specimens, to study their histological spectrum, age-wise distribution, frequency distribution, laterality and clinical presentation of all testicular lesions.

Material and methods: It was an observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study done over the period of 3 years. We reviewed the slides of orchidectomy specimens. Data regarding age, laterality, clinical presentations and histopathological diagnosis were noted down and entered in Microsoft excel. The data were presented as frequency, percentage, and graphical presentations.

Results: Out of total 138 cases, 102 cases (74%) were non-neoplastic, 36 cases (26%) were of neoplastic lesions. Cryptorchidism was the most frequent  non – neoplastic lesion(36/102; 31.2%), while seminoma was the most frequent neoplastic lesion.(14/36; 40.2%). The higher occurance of the non – neoplastic lesions were seen in the 2nd decade. (35/102; 33%),while that of the neoplastic lesions were seen in the age – group 31-40 years. (14/36; 38.4%). Left sided preponderance was noted. (69/134; 51.5%) Neoplastic lesions were more common on right side(22/36; 61%). The most common presenting clinical symptom was scrotal swelling (62/138; 41%).

Conclusion:

In conclusion we would like to emphasize the need for early detection and diagnosis. Despite new techniques in imaging and tumor marker assay, the diagnosis of testicular lesions is primarily dependent upon histopathological examination.