Synergistic Effects of Syndopa and Ethanol Extract of Areca Catechu in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Mouse Model

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer's disease, profoundly affects the extrapyramidal motor functions. It is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and reduced dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brainstem and striatal regions. This impacts cerebral neural systems vital for motor activity. Oxidative stress and brain tissue degradation are significant contributors to PD's pathogenesis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Areca catechu, both as a standalone treatment and in synergy with Syndopa, in a rotenone-induced PD mouse model.

Methods: Mature Swiss albino male mice (25–30 g) were grouped into five sets (n=5 each). Group 1 (Control) received 1% CMC orally for 21 days. Groups 2 to 5 were administered Rotenone (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) over the same duration. Group 3 received a high Syndopa dose (15 mg/kg b.w.), while Group 4 was treated with Areca catechu alone (400 mg/kg b.w.). Group 5 was administered a combination of Areca catechu (400 mg/kg b.w.) and a low dose of Syndopa (7.5 mg/kg b.w.). On day 22, mice were dissected for histopathological (Nissl-stained brain sections) and histochemical studies (immunohistochemical staining of α-Synuclein). Blood samples were extracted for assessing biochemical markers, including lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity.

Results: The combined therapy of Areca catechu (400 mg/kg) and Syndopa (7.5 mg/kg) demonstrated superior neuroprotective outcomes, as evidenced by biochemical analyses, histology, and α-synuclein immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion: The co-administration of Areca catechu (400 mg/kg b.w.) and Syndopa (7.5 mg/kg b.w.) effectively mitigated the rotenone-induced PD symptoms in mice, underscoring the potential of this therapeutic strategy in PD management.