Study of sickle cell anaemia how to affects feto-maternal outcome in India population

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy in women  with  SCD  is  known  to  be  associated  with  an increased risk of maternal, fetal and sickle complications Sickle cell disease (SCD) disproportionately impacts Adivasi (tribal) communities in India. Current research has focused on epidemiological and biomedical aspects but there has been scarce research on social determinants and health systems aspects. High prevalence of sickle gene has been demonstrated in various tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh including, patel, panica, baiga, gond, panihar, nagarachi, and kol etc. The present study was conducted with an objective to document the prevalence of sickle cell disease in tribal belt of central India population in shahdol, umaria, anooppur, mandla, dindori, katni and some population of pendra [ chattisgarh] district of Madhya Pradesh state.

Aims and objectives- The study is conducted as a retrospective and prospective survey GMC Shahdol from September 2021 to march 2023, in 600 patients of sickle cell anaemia. All tribal patients who attended the opd and ipd of the hospital in routine or emergency, were screened for sickle cell anaemia by sickling test (with freshly prepared sodium metabisulphite). Mainly patients admitted in medicine, surgery and gynaecology department. 

Methodology: The study is conducted as a retrospective and prospective survey GMC Shahdol from 2021 to 2022, were screened for sickle cell anaemia by sickling test (with freshly prepared sodium metabisulphite). Those found positive for sickling test, were further analysed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to confirm their status as either sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. All tribal patients who attended the opd and ipd of the hospital in routine or emergency, were screened for sickle cell anaemia by sickling test (with freshly prepared sodium metabisulphite). Mainly patients admitted in medicine, surgery and gynaecology department. 

Results: Out of 600 cases number of male cases were 150 (25%) and females were 450 (75%) cases. The gender distribution of male to female cases is 1:3. 88.7% cases were sickle cell trait, 9.02% cases were sickle cell disease, 1.68% cases were sickle beta thalassemia, 0.25% cases were B Thalassemia Minor and 0.33% cases were B Thalassemia Major. In the present study, among the 600 cases. In which baiga [33%], panica [20%], panihar [8%], nagarachi [8%], kol [7%], patel [5%] and remaining are another cast. Tribal population affected around 70% patients of sickle cell anemia.

Conclusion: It was concluded that patel, panica, baiga, gond, panihar, nagarachi, and kol were the most common community of sickle cell disorders in tribal peoples Shahdol district. Among the Sickling test positive cases, Sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease was the most common variant