Physical and mental problem in pregnant and adult women with heart disease based on psychology and nursing education by examining the risk of vascular embolism in these patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The present study investigates the physical and mental problems in pregnant and adult women with heart disease based on psychology and nursing education by investigating the risk of vascular embolism. In this article, the issue was investigated by reviewing 78 articles and searching for words such as "physical and mental problems in pregnant women", "heart disease" and "risk of vascular embolism". The results showed that the blood volume increases during pregnancy, and in this case, if a person is suffering from heart disease, his heart will not stretch and will be in the phase of heart failure. Also, sometimes valve problems cause blood to clot and move to the lung and cause embolism, which can lead to death. Sometimes mitral stenosis is so severe that it causes heart failure and death, it is better for women who plan to get pregnant to know about their heart condition before that. The most noticeable symptom before a heart attack in women is not severe pain in the chest. Usually, women experience heart attack pain in a different way. Most women who have a heart attack say that before the attack, they experienced double pressure in the heart area with pain. A blood clot can form in a deep vein, usually in the legs. This condition is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If part of a blood clot breaks off, it can travel through the bloodstream to the lungs and block blood vessels there, a condition called a pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal, although this is rare. Together, these conditions are known as venous thromboembolism. The blood clotting system is more active during pregnancy to protect women from excessive bleeding during childbirth. Some women are at higher risk of VTE during pregnancy and around the time of delivery, including women with a prior history of VTE, thrombophilia, and following cesarean delivery.