Anti-Diabetic Activity of Bitter Gourd Seed and Lemon Peel in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

The most well-known endocrine problem, diabetes mellitus affects hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide and claims more than a million lives each year. This high death rate emphasises the necessity of conducting thorough research on anti-diabetic medications. This review investigates the anti-diabetic properties of lemon peel and bitter gourd seeds' phytochemical composition. According to studies, the plant may be useful in the management or treatment of diabetes mellitus since it includes various phytochemicals with hypoglycemic properties, such as bitter gourd seeds and lemon peel. The physiological and biochemical underpinnings of the anti-diabetic properties of lemon peel and bitter gourd seeds are also discussed. Bitter gourd seeds and lemon peels have anti-diabetic properties that manifest through the inhibition of NF-κβ and MAPKs in pancreatic cells, which in turn promotes the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates, increases the absorption of fats, produces insulin, reduces insulin resistance, activates the AMPK pathway, and inhibits the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism.