Harnessing Plant-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Intervention in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Insights and Future Directions

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer medication is extremely difficult because of the disease's aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and ineffectiveness against traditional treatments. Modes of Drug delivery based on nanotechnology are a viable option for enhancing treatment results in TNBC. An extensive summary of the possible uses of plant-based nanoparticles in TNBC treatment is given in this review. Plant-derived nanoparticles have special benefits including reduced cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Recent advancements in the development and synthesis of plant-based nanoparticles, as well as their characterization techniques and functionalization strategies, are discussed. The mechanisms behind plant-based nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery, encompassing both actively and passively targeted mechanisms, are described. Furthermore, the review explores recent advancements in in vitro and in vivo studies analysing the cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of plant-based nanoparticles in TNBC models. Future directions and opportunities for novel drug delivery strategies, including combination therapies with immunotherapy or radiotherapy, and personalized medicine approaches utilizing plant-based nano-drug delivery systems are also highlighted. Overall, plant-based nanoparticles present a promising approach for overcoming the challenges in TNBC treatment and improving therapeutic outcomes.